Thanks for that advice! I don't have cygwin installed so I just ran adb shell getprop and found that the setting is still enabled, so that's good! I can at least confirm that isn't what is stopping me from connecting.
The trouble that remains is th…
To save anyone else some time who is having trouble with Windows 8, you'll need to go through a new restart process to disable the security checks for the usb driver installation after you've modified it. The directions here worked for me.